No brain malfunction causes addiction. Some substances can provide an incentive to repeat the activity. As the body adapts to repeated use of a substance, it becomes harder and harder to stop voluntarily.
1. In the past six months, I have used one or more drugs other than those required for medical reasons.
2. I have used more than one substance at a time.
3. I have used a substance in larger amounts or for longer than I intended.
4. I sometimes wonder whether I am dependent on a drug or substance.
5. I am always able to stop using drugs or substances when I want.
6. I have experienced one or more blackouts as a result of substance use.
7. I have experienced medical problems as a result of substance use.
8. I sometimes feel bad about my substance use.
9. I devote a good deal of time to getting and or using the drug.
10. I have never engaged in illicit activities to get drugs.
11. I have used a substance in a situation in which it is physically hazardous.
12. It takes a good deal of time to recover from the effects of my substance use.
13. I experience cravings or a strong desire to use a substance.
14. Family members and or friends have asked me whether I am involved with drugs.
15. I have tried stopping the use of a substance one or more times but resumed use.
16. I experienced unpleasant effects when I stopped using a substance.
17. I have used a substance to relieve the unpleasant effects I experience when not taking it.
18. I have sometimes neglected work or school because of the use of a substance.
19. I have sometimes neglected family obligations because of the use of a substance.
20. I find myself needing more of a substance to achieve the desired effect.